Escherichia coli in urine – where does it come from and what does it mean for health?

The presence of the pathogenic Escherichia coli bacteria in urine is one of the most common signs of a urinary tract infection (UTI). While the name itself sounds ominous, it's worth knowing that E. coli is a bacterium that naturally occurs in the human large intestine and usually plays a beneficial role there. Problems arise when it reaches places where it shouldn't be found—for example, the urinary tract.

How do bacteria get into the urinary tract?

The most common route of infection is the migration of bacteria from the anus to the urethra. Several factors contribute to this:

• Poor intimate hygiene , especially in women. Due to the close proximity of the anus and urethra, wiping from back to front can facilitate the transfer of bacteria.
• Sexual activity , during which bacteria may be mechanically moved to the urethral opening.
• Medical procedures , such as bladder catheterization, that increase the risk of introducing microorganisms into the urinary tract.

Symptoms of a urinary tract infection

UTI symptoms can vary depending on which part of the urinary tract is infected (urethra, bladder, kidneys) and the severity of the infection. The most common include:

• frequent urge to urinate, often with the release of small amounts of urine,
• burning or pain when urinating,
• feeling of incomplete emptying of the bladder,
• cloudy, unpleasant-smelling, and sometimes bloody urine,
• pain in the lower abdomen, around the bladder.

In the case of kidney involvement, fever, chills and pain in the lumbar region may also occur.

Prevention of urinary tract infections

Prevention of urinary tract infections plays a key role, especially in people prone to recurring infections caused by Escherichia coli . Adequate hydration is key – regularly drinking 1.5–2 liters of water daily helps flush bacteria from the urinary tract. Avoid holding urine, as retained urine promotes the proliferation of microorganisms. Urinating after intercourse is also important, as it helps remove bacteria that may have entered the urethra. Proper intimate hygiene is crucial – wiping from front to back, avoiding excessive use of strong cleansers and vaginal douches, which can disrupt the natural protective microflora. It's a good idea to wear breathable cotton underwear and avoid prolonged exposure to wet swimwear. For women with recurring infections, the preventative use of a gynecological probiotic such as Narum Vagine may be helpful, as it supports microbial balance.

Diet to support the urinary system

A well-balanced diet can support the body's natural defenses. It's important to limit excess simple sugars, which promote bacterial growth, and reduce the consumption of highly processed foods. Increasing the intake of vegetables, fiber-rich foods, and fermented dairy products, which support the gut microbiota, is beneficial. Cranberries, which contain proanthocyanidins, play a special role in prevention. Including parsley, celery, and fermented foods, which support immunity, can also be helpful.

Herbs that support the urinary system

Phytotherapy has long been used to support kidney and bladder function. The most commonly used herbs include:

• bearberry leaf – has antiseptic properties in the urinary tract,
• nettle – has a diuretic effect and supports the cleansing of the body,
• horsetail – supports the functioning of the urinary tract,
• chamomile – has a soothing and anti-inflammatory effect.

Herbs can be used in the form of infusions of single herbs or ready-made mixtures that will support the urinary system.

Probiotic treatment

Research shows that pathogenic E. coli strains can be combated by the non-pathogenic E. Coli Nissle 1917 strain, so it is worth incorporating such probiotic supplementation.

• Coli Biotic is a single-strain probiotic containing the non-pathogenic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 strain.
  Dosage: Day 1 – 4: 1 capsule, then 2 capsules daily,
• Narum Fast – a probiotic for use in all sudden and severe intestinal dysfunctions, viral or bacterial infections
  Dosage: 2-3 capsules 2 times a day,
• For women: once a day as a preventive measure, take Narum Vagine gynecological probiotic.

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