How the vaccine works

The mechanism of vaccination involves stimulating the body's immune system to produce an immune response against a given pathogen, such as a virus or bacteria, without the need for an actual infection. This process takes advantage of the principle that the body can recognize and remember foreign molecules called antigens, which are characteristic of pathogens.

There are two main mechanisms of vaccination:

• vaccines with weakened or killed microorganisms
• vaccines based on antigens or proteins; these may be fragments of a virus, bacteria or even synthetically produced antigens.

In both cases, when the body is vaccinated, its immune system responds by producing antibodies and immune memory cells. The memory cells remember the presence of the pathogen and remain in the body, ready to respond quickly if the infection occurs again.

What does the vaccine contain?

Vaccines contain substances that are designed to deliver antigens and other ingredients that help stimulate the immune system. Here are some key ingredients:

• antigens : molecules derived from a pathogen or synthetically produced that are characteristic of a given pathogen. Antigens stimulate the immune system to mount an immune response and produce antibodies and immune cells that can fight the pathogen in the future;
• adjuvants : substances added to vaccines to enhance and prolong the immune response. They help to increase the effectiveness of the vaccine by increasing the production of antibodies and activating immune cells. Examples of adjuvants include aluminum compounds, silicates, or lipids;
• stabilizers : help maintain vaccine stability during storage and transport; these may be sugars, amino acids, albumins, or other substances;
• preservatives : help prevent the growth of microorganisms in the preparation;
• buffers : to maintain appropriate pH and ensure the stability of the preparation;
• Emulsion stabilizers : help maintain the stability of the emulsion in the formulation.

Heavy Metals in Vaccines – Fact or Myth?

Most vaccines do not contain heavy metals as added ingredients, but they may be present in trace amounts as contaminants from manufacturing processes or ingredients used in production. Examples of heavy metals that may be present in vaccines include:

• mercury : mercury was historically used as a preservative in some vaccines, particularly for influenza. However, due to safety concerns, its use has been virtually eliminated and the amounts that may be present as contaminants are very low;
• Aluminum : may be present in some vaccines as an adjuvant. However, the amounts of aluminum in vaccines are small and generally considered safe;
• Iron : some vaccines, especially those against viruses, may contain traces of iron, which may come from substances used in production;
• mercury: thiomersal, sodium salt of ethylmercurythiosalicylic acid, with significant toxicity.

“Trace amounts of heavy metals” may not sound dangerous, but how do you know how many of them you already have in your body? How much of them do you consume in your food and air every day? Are your detoxification organs able to remove them? How do you know whether in your body – after all, everyone is different – they will not react with other circulating substances? These and other unknowns are worth considering individually.

How does the body cope with the virus?

Contact between the body and the virus triggers a series of complex reactions in the immune system that are designed to combat and eliminate it. The process goes something like this:

• virus detection : When a virus enters the body, the immune system detects the presence of foreign particles, called viral antigens. Immune cells, such as macrophages, are responsible for recognizing and capturing the virus,
• activation of the immune response : upon detection of the virus, the immune system activates its immune response. In antigen-presenting cells (for example macrophages), the viral antigens are presented to T lymphocytes, which are key players in the immune response,
• Antibody production : B lymphocytes become activated and begin producing antibodies against viral antigens. Antibodies are proteins that bind to the virus and help in neutralizing it, e.g. by neutralizing, agglutinating (sticking together), or activating the complement system,
• attack on infected cells : Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (cytotoxic T lymphocytes) recognize infected cells, attack and destroy them to prevent further spread of the virus,
• cytokine secretion : immune cells secrete cytokines, which are signaling proteins that regulate the immune response. Cytokines help coordinate the actions of immune cells and enhance the response against the virus,
• formation of immunological memory : after overcoming an infection, some lymphocytes become immunological memory cells, which remain in the body and remember the viral antigen. This allows for a faster and more effective immune response in the event of re-exposure to the same virus in the future.

In general, when exposed to a virus, the body launches a complex series of processes to fight the infection and restore health. These actions require the cooperation of various cells and molecules of the immune system, which work together to provide protection against the virus.

What can help trigger an immune response?

• balanced diet : eating a healthy and varied diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, healthy sources of protein and fats helps provide the body with the right amount of nutrients necessary to support the immune system,
• regular physical activity : regular physical activity helps strengthen the immune system by improving blood circulation and stimulating immune cells to function,
• enough sleep : adequate sleep is essential for the proper functioning of the immune system. Insufficient sleep can weaken our immunity,
• avoiding stress : long-term stress can weaken our immunity, so it is worth using relaxation techniques such as meditation, yoga or deep breathing to reduce stress levels and improve the functioning of the immune system,
• avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption : stimulants weaken the immune system, so it is worth avoiding harmful substances.

Body Superheroes

The body has a lot of defense reactions. If the body works efficiently and we provide it with the right conditions, it can calmly cope with pathogenic microorganisms and the body's self-healing. The most important defenders of the body include:

• macrophages : Macrophages are cells that "patrol" the body, looking for foreign substances such as viruses and bacteria. When they detect a virus, they can engulf and destroy it. In an analogy to superheroes, they could be compared to sentinels who discover the presence of a virus and prepare for battle.
• B cells : B cells are cells that produce antibodies, proteins that can recognize and bind to viruses, rendering them harmless. In the superhero analogy, B cells are like sharpshooters who produce special "bullets" (antibodies) that can destroy a virus.
• T cells : T cells perform a variety of functions in the immune response, including identifying infected cells and helping to eliminate them. They can either attack infected cells directly or issue signals that activate other immune cells to fight the virus. In an analogy to superheroes, T cells can be like commanders who direct the actions of other cells in the fight against the virus.
• interferon: a group of proteins secreted by body cells in response to the presence of viruses, bacteria, parasites, tumors and other immunological stimuli; activates the enzyme RNAse L, which cuts the virus' RNA like scissors;
• Natural Killer (NK) cells are a type of lymphocyte that play an important role in defending the body against infections and controlling the growth of tumors. They are part of the innate immune system and act quickly in response to infected cells and tumor cells without the need for prior stimulation by antigens.       

mRNA vaccines

mRNA is used in modern vaccine technologies, such as COVID-19 vaccines, which use the genetic information of the SARS-CoV-2 virus to generate an immune response against the virus. mRNA is a key element in the gene expression process that allows cells to produce proteins necessary for various cellular functions, such as enzymes, hormones, receptors, and structural proteins. When a cell is infected by a virus, the mechanisms that detect the presence of the virus in the cell trigger a cascade of signals that lead to the activation of interferons, including type I interferons (alpha and beta interferons). These interferons in turn induce the expression of various genes, including the RNAse L gene. mRNA is one of the targets of RNAse L. RNAse L recognizes and degrades certain specific mRNA sequences, which leads to the inhibition of the synthesis of proteins that are necessary for viral replication. Without mRNA, the virus is unable to produce the necessary proteins, which hampers its ability to spread in the host cell.

The RNAse L enzyme destroys the virus's mRNA.

The RNAse L enzyme is an endoribonuclease with an endonuclease character, which means that it is an enzyme capable of cleaving phosphodiester bonds within RNA molecules. This enzyme is present in the cells of eukaryotic organisms and is associated with the process of RNA degradation. RNAse L plays an important role in the regulation of gene expression and in the body's immune response to viral infections by degrading viral RNA. Activation of RNAse L is one of the defense mechanisms of cells in response to viral infection, which leads to the elimination of the virus by degrading its RNA.

In practice, the RNAse L enzyme can be compared to "scissors" in the cell that can cut special strands made of RNA, one of the genetic materials. RNAse L then begins to cut and destroy the virus's RNA, killing it, which helps the body fight off the infection.

When might the autoimmune response fail?

There are many factors that can disrupt the immune response, leading to weakening or dysfunction of the immune system:

• Stress : Long-term stress can lead to excess production of stress hormones, such as cortisol, which can weaken the immune system by reducing the activity of immune cells and reducing the body's ability to fight infections.
• malnutrition : Dietary deficiencies, especially deficiency of nutrients such as vitamins and minerals, can weaken the immune system, leading to reduced production of immune cells and a decreased immune response to infections.
• Autoimmune diseases , in which the immune system attacks the body's own cells and tissues, can disrupt the normal function of the immune system, leading to over-activation or a weakened immune response;
• Infections : Some infections, especially those caused by viruses, can directly weaken the immune system, leading to a decrease in the number of immune cells and disruption of immune system function.
• aging : as we age, the immune system becomes less effective at fighting infections and responding to immune stimuli;
• Immunosuppressive drugs : Some drugs, such as corticosteroids, chemotherapy, and transplant medications, can weaken the immune system by inhibiting the activity of immune cells,
• environmental factors : exposure to toxins, environmental pollutants, UV radiation, exposure to intense magnetic fields from everyday devices, ingestion of large amounts of heavy metals e.g. from food products and other environmental factors can affect the immune system, weakening its function and increasing the risk of infection.

How to deal with the virus without vaccination

Lifestyle, diet and how our body functions are crucial for the work of our intestines, which in turn translates into the immune system. The human body is equipped with a number of defense mechanisms, and only a neglected one, with reduced immunity, may have difficulty repelling an attack by an intruder. The correct balance of the microbiome is the maintenance of health, which is why during periods of increased viral infections it is worth taking probiotics, which will help maintain homeostasis. PoVir is a product that not only contains the beneficial and effective Narine bacteria, but also has an effect that activates interferon - one of the body's defense shields - which in turn activates the RNAza L enzyme, destroying the RNA of the virus. This is a unique product that accelerates and strengthens the functioning of the body's natural defense capabilities.

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